Vocabulary

Introduces a noun object or identity/category complement. Subjectless 啊 noun asserts existence; 不 啊 noun denies it.

Introduces a quality/state predicate or licensed result description. Initial 诶 quality states an ambient condition.

Introduces the verbal predicate. Initial 咿 without a subject marks a command. Sound-based yī.

Separates grouped modifiers, or a verb from its manner. A B 的 C groups [A B] as modifier of C. Not required for possession.

Excluded automatic extensions: Here is a location reading not clearly distinguished in the headword.

Interrogative, or post-head clause introducer under the positional rules. No closing word.

Excluded automatic extensions: With/accompaniment conflicts with 跟; harmony and peace introduce independent content meanings.

Excluded automatic extensions: Except is subtraction from a set rather than ordinary discourse contrast.

Source/from. In 从 咿, forms a passive participle whose head supplies the first direct-object role. This is a grammatical construction, not a separate word.

After a head: location. Before an action in a verbal predicate: progressive. Before 咿/诶/啊 in noun position: active-participle construction.

Exact sameness/equality in the relevant comparison. Loose resemblance uses 像.

Affirmative interjection, ǹg. Not a structural particle.

Sole grammatical negator and short no response.

Many/much; genuine very is 很.

Excluded automatic extensions: Current broad animal scope differs from the narrower Chinese cue.

Excluded automatic extensions: Forehead is a particular body part, not a general front relation.

Excluded automatic extensions: Smell and taste share a sensory domain but are separable channels.

Excluded automatic extensions: A fight/battle involves an event structure beyond a single strike.

Excluded automatic extensions: Problem can mean a task or issue that is not difficult.

Excluded automatic extensions: A flash is not necessarily electrical.

Excluded automatic extensions: Individual relatives and domestication go beyond a household/place category.

Excluded automatic extensions: General hot duplicates 热 and does not entail fire; its note already rejects that extension.

Excluded automatic extensions: A representation, visible appearance, and apparent truth are different uses.

Excluded automatic extensions: An instruction need not be a rule or law.

Ability/capacity to perform an action. Physical energy needs an explicitly stated measurable capacity, system, and units; 能 量 has no fixed energy definition.

Rise/elevate only. Litre uses L in the unit notation register.

Perhaps/possibility.

Lexical guò means pass/cross; neutral guo before an action marks prior experience. This positional grammatical contrast is retained.

Excluded automatic extensions: Statistical rarity and strangeness can diverge.

Excluded automatic extensions: Calling out is a sound action; summoning someone is a communicative purpose.

Excluded automatic extensions: Violating any rule, assault, and sexual assault are not interchangeable events.

Excluded automatic extensions: Concern, care, advocacy, and structural backing have different implications.

Excluded automatic extensions: Submersion alone does not assert drowning.

Excluded automatic extensions: Eagle and hawk are distinct members of a broad category.

Excluded automatic extensions: An eon is a large duration, not an age; age as action has unregistered argument choices.

Excluded automatic extensions: Machete is another tool; chopping does not require an axe.

Excluded automatic extensions: Financial accounts and recounting a story share an English word, not a semantic core.

Excluded automatic extensions: A nut, tonsil, and amygdala cannot be interchangeable labels.

Still; continuing to the reference point. 还 不 is not yet. No unrestricted scalar/additive even.

Excluded automatic extensions: Antiquity of an object/time and age of a living individual need not be the same.

Excluded automatic extensions: These are related animals, not synonyms.

Excluded automatic extensions: Waiting need not involve hope; expectation need not be a wish.

Excluded automatic extensions: Spatial extent/size is a quantity, not necessarily a region.

Excluded automatic extensions: Vinegar is one substance, and taste is not a complete chemical definition.

Excluded automatic extensions: Performance does not cover every action, behavior, or being active.

Excluded automatic extensions: Chinese cue suggests particles generally, but the Sino-Mini entry selects atoms.

Excluded automatic extensions: Attention need not involve a warning or danger.

Excluded automatic extensions: Golf is a source typo, not a sense of the geographical word.

Excluded automatic extensions: A balanced distribution and a fair one need not be the same.

Excluded automatic extensions: Whales, dolphins, and porpoises are different members of a stated class.

Excluded automatic extensions: Rolling is a motion also possible for nonspherical objects.

Excluded automatic extensions: Floor, ground, and a basis overlap but are not equivalent.

Excluded automatic extensions: Bacteria, fungi, and germs have overlapping but different scopes.

Excluded automatic extensions: Baptism is a ritual that need not be identified merely by immersion.

Excluded automatic extensions: The stomach organ is only one part of the abdominal region.

Excluded automatic extensions: Fuel is a category; gasoline and benzene cannot both be exact readings of the same bare word.

Excluded automatic extensions: Grapes/olives are specific fruits; an exact botanical category is not established.

Excluded automatic extensions: Beast can mean an ordinary animal or an imagined threatening creature.

Excluded automatic extensions: Cement, concrete, and paving are not interchangeable.

Excluded automatic extensions: A spout is a functional analogy and pecking an action.

Excluded automatic extensions: Bill may mean banknote or invoice; a ticket does not encode both.

Excluded automatic extensions: Hurrying can occur without being busy, and busy activity need not be fast.

Excluded automatic extensions: A firm and negotiation are participants/actions, not synonyms for commerce.

Excluded automatic extensions: Boiling and making bubbles are not equivalent processes.

Excluded automatic extensions: An architectural arch is a shape analogy; a vault adds structural meaning.

Excluded automatic extensions: Crystal and transparent material are not identical material categories.

Ammunition/projectile only, read dàn. Mechanical spring is 簧; plucking is a described action.

Excluded automatic extensions: Cow, ox, bison, buffalo refer to different animals or life roles.

Excluded automatic extensions: Evidence, conclusive proof, and testimony have different evidential force.

Excluded automatic extensions: Being overwhelmed psychologically or numerically need not involve water.

Excluded automatic extensions: Biting is a tooth action, but an action frame must say what is affected.

A deliberately broad hand/foot digit category. 手 指 and 足 指 qualify location without creating dictionary words.

Excluded automatic extensions: Bodily fatness and dietary fat differ from thickness.

Excluded automatic extensions: Forgetting and forgiving are different acts; the note explicitly says so.

Division only. Minutes are numerical quantities in the min notation register; no second lexical sense.

Excluded automatic extensions: A paid/free servant is not thereby enslaved.

Excluded automatic extensions: Optical reflection and resounding are different processes.

Excluded automatic extensions: A propeller is a device, not every spiral or rotating thing.

Excluded automatic extensions: An emergency and urging are related but not equivalent.

Excluded automatic extensions: An interview need not be a test, and an investigation need not be an exam.

Excluded automatic extensions: Methodical does not imply precision.

Excluded automatic extensions: Extreme is not always distance.

Excluded automatic extensions: Sand need not be powder; grinding is a process rather than a synonym for powder.

Excluded automatic extensions: Beans, peas, and lentils are subtypes.

Excluded automatic extensions: Doing someone a favor is not the same as favoring/liking them.

Excluded automatic extensions: Fertilizer is an input and productive extends far beyond fertility.

Excluded automatic extensions: Steel is not pure iron.

Excluded automatic extensions: Silk, wire, and dietary roughage introduce particular materials and functions.

Excluded automatic extensions: Loyalty is conduct/commitment, not necessarily belief.

Shape/form only. A statue or figurine needs a description of the object.

Excluded automatic extensions: Fillet and filleting need not match the same cut or technique.

Child/offspring only. Plant seed uses 种.

Excluded automatic extensions: Being a sheet does not mean flat, and flat does not mean a leaf.

Excluded automatic extensions: A fountain or dug well need not be a spring.

Excluded automatic extensions: Burying and digging are different acts.

Excluded automatic extensions: Whole can mean complete rather than filled.

Excluded automatic extensions: Tobacco, cigarettes, and cigars are products/materials that generate smoke.

Excluded automatic extensions: Pouring an already-liquid substance does not imply melting.

Excluded automatic extensions: Catty as spiteful behavior is an English association, not a cat category.

Excluded automatic extensions: A gene is a biological unit, not inheritance itself.

Excluded automatic extensions: Guitar and lute are different subtypes of a stated instrument family.

Excluded automatic extensions: Meaning, intention, and an idea may differ even within one sentence.

Excluded automatic extensions: Empire and imperial are not synonymous with commanding.

Excluded automatic extensions: Situational irony need not involve sarcasm or any speaker mocking someone.

Excluded automatic extensions: Mug and beaker overlap 杯 and lack the same shape/function.

Excluded automatic extensions: Throwing, shooting, and hitting have different event structures.

General metal. No automatic exact gold reading. Name or define the specific metal in a precision context.

Joy/happiness only; the yuè music reading is not adopted. Describe music with pitched sounds and artistic performance.

Excluded automatic extensions: Coal is a material containing carbon, not the element itself.

Excluded automatic extensions: Cardboard is material and charter is a legal document, neither guaranteed by card.

Excluded automatic extensions: English -ness and the verb attribute imply operations not defined by the word.

Heat/hot only. A caloric unit, if needed, is identified explicitly in technical notation.

Excluded automatic extensions: Camping and a campsite are activities/places that need not be fields.

Excluded automatic extensions: A gun barrel is part of a weapon, not the whole weapon.

Excluded automatic extensions: Horse, donkey, mule are related but distinct.

Excluded automatic extensions: An animal horn is a separate referent.

Excluded automatic extensions: An intersection shape and a crucifix used as a religious object should not be automatically equivalent.

Excluded automatic extensions: An informal animal grouping is not necessarily a single exact taxon.

Excluded automatic extensions: Any bump/protrusion greatly broadens the category.

Excluded automatic extensions: A spine is a particular anatomical structure.

Excluded automatic extensions: A clause and a comma are grammatical unit versus writing mark.

Excluded automatic extensions: Blanket, cloak, and shawl are types of covers/clothes, not exact synonyms.

Elbow only; nudging is a specified contact action. No cubit unit meaning.

Excluded automatic extensions: A cube is a geometric subtype, and a brick a construction product.

Excluded automatic extensions: Pond overlaps 池.

Excluded automatic extensions: Wool is a particular fiber source.

Excluded automatic extensions: Inactivity need not be laziness.

Excluded automatic extensions: Latitude is a geographic coordinate or figurative freedom, not width.

Excluded automatic extensions: A lens and a mirror perform different optical functions.

Excluded automatic extensions: Lion, tiger, panther are different members.

Excluded automatic extensions: All mollusks would include animals outside that everyday grouping.

Excluded automatic extensions: All citrus is broader than lemon and lime.

Excluded automatic extensions: Walking with a limp is English homonymy.

The tongue and, by the retained deliberate metaphor, a language. 小舌 remains the proper name; ordinary phrases follow the grammar. Licking must be described as an action.

Excluded automatic extensions: Fattening and frying do not follow from a substance name alone.

Excluded automatic extensions: Literature is a body of work, not a written symbol; spelling is an action over symbols.

Excluded automatic extensions: Longitude is a specific coordinate, not general length.

Excluded automatic extensions: Losing possession and failing an event have different argument frames.

Excluded automatic extensions: A spice is a substance that may be aromatic; it is not fragrance itself.

Excluded automatic extensions: Statistical average, midpoint, norm, and usual value differ.

Excluded automatic extensions: Melon, pumpkin, gourd are related subtypes.

Excluded automatic extensions: A false statement can be a sincere mistake.

Excluded automatic extensions: Missing a target, missing a train, and failing to notice are not the same as lacking something.

Rice grain only. The unit metre is written m in the SI notation register; no second lexical sense.

Excluded automatic extensions: Emotional mood is not necessarily a mode; fashionable is not every manner.

Excluded automatic extensions: Mosquito and fly are distinct; not every fly bites.

Excluded automatic extensions: Monkey, gorilla, chimpanzee are distinct animals.

Excluded automatic extensions: Morale is not morality.

Intransitive die. Causing death uses 做 可 subject 咿 死, with the cause and event explicitly separated.

Excluded automatic extensions: A movie is not motion itself; the note rejects it.

Astronomical star/point of light. A planet requires a description of the kind of celestial body, not this bare word alone. No celebrity/highlight meaning.

Excluded automatic extensions: Thin may mean thickness rather than width; a strait is a geographical feature.

Excluded automatic extensions: Food cream, ointment, and other pastes are different substances.

Excluded automatic extensions: Nearly/almost is an approximation operator, which already has 几.

Excluded automatic extensions: Political neutrality, grammatical neuter, impartiality, and boredom are distinct.

Excluded automatic extensions: A situation is not an administrative unit.

Excluded automatic extensions: Every plant bulb is not an onion.

Excluded automatic extensions: A duration unit and a clock reading need distinct numerical constructions.

Excluded automatic extensions: A one-word English gloss hides orange's fruit/color ambiguity.

Excluded automatic extensions: Hiding is an act and hidden need not mean shaded.

Excluded automatic extensions: Lamb is a life stage, while goat overlaps a separate entry.

Excluded automatic extensions: Forgiving, approving/condoning, and making excuses differ.

Excluded automatic extensions: These are related kinds of insect.

Kin/relative, not uniquely a parent. Specify the genealogical relationship when it matters.

Excluded automatic extensions: A grid or grate is not the act of grilling.

Excluded automatic extensions: Duck, goose, swan are subtypes.

Excluded automatic extensions: Kicking and stomping are different foot actions.

Excluded automatic extensions: Narrative suspense is an independent metaphor.

Excluded automatic extensions: Combing and sweeping need not use the same tool or action.

Excluded automatic extensions: The Chinese instrument family is broader than the selected Sino-Mini meaning.

Excluded automatic extensions: Populous and popular are different claims.

Excluded automatic extensions: Port is a place, cargo a transported thing.

Excluded automatic extensions: Ordinary praise or affectionate adoration need not be worship.

Excluded automatic extensions: Malleability is a property not limited to plastic.

Excluded automatic extensions: Knob, hilt, and handgrip are not fists.

Excluded automatic extensions: Indicating something and being physically sharp do not follow from a point noun.

Excluded automatic extensions: Clean is not necessarily pure, and cleansing may mean removing dirt rather than impurities.

Excluded automatic extensions: Mathematical radius is not radiation.

Excluded automatic extensions: A tree branch and every kind of limb are not arms.

Excluded automatic extensions: Randomness in probability and arbitrary choice are not identical.

Excluded automatic extensions: Social status is not ordinal position without a stated ranking.

Excluded automatic extensions: A fraction may mean a number representation, an arbitrary part, or a ratio.

Excluded automatic extensions: A physical or chemical reaction is not necessarily a reply.

Excluded automatic extensions: Revolution may name a major change without rebellion, and treason is a legal category.

Excluded automatic extensions: Available is not the same as prepared.

Excluded automatic extensions: A measuring ruler is English homonymy with rule.

Excluded automatic extensions: A train is a vehicle on tracks, not the track.

Excluded automatic extensions: A rudder steers without necessarily propelling.

Excluded automatic extensions: Borrowing need not involve payment.

Excluded automatic extensions: Rhythm and influence are not automatically flow.

Excluded automatic extensions: Reptiles are a biological class, not anything that crawls.

Excluded automatic extensions: Acknowledging is an act that may occur without receiving an object.

Excluded automatic extensions: Grunting does not imply sleep or snoring.

Excluded automatic extensions: Pink is a color and rose a plant.

Excluded automatic extensions: An adventure can occur without travel and travel need not be adventurous.

Excluded automatic extensions: A narrative need not be fictional.

Excluded automatic extensions: Not all seasoning is salt.

Hello/greeting on meeting. Farewell is expressed by an explicit wish or leaving statement; no goodbye sense.

Excluded automatic extensions: Retrieving an object need not rescue it; theological salvation is domain-specific.

Excluded automatic extensions: Uncivilized and savage carry social/evaluative meanings unrelated to biological wildness.

Excluded automatic extensions: A seat/chair is an object used for sitting; not every sit event implies a chair.

Excluded automatic extensions: A prison/small room is English homonymy.

Excluded automatic extensions: Partial and incomplete may be any fraction, not specifically one half.

Excluded automatic extensions: A judicial sentence/verdict is not a linguistic sentence.

Experienced quality after 诶. Touch as physical contact must be stated, not inferred from any feeling.

Excluded automatic extensions: Gender and sexual activity are different concepts.

Excluded automatic extensions: Hissing, fizzing, and whizzing differ acoustically and by source.

Excluded automatic extensions: Trivial/unimportant need not mean foolish.

Excluded automatic extensions: Citizen, civilian, civil, and civilize collapse several English senses.

Excluded automatic extensions: Clay and mud are subtypes/properties that need not coincide.

Alone in a stated set/context; sole occupant/member when that set has one member. Not a free focus particle meaning only anywhere. Cardinal one is 一.

Untie/loosen a binding. Resolve an issue through 决 where appropriate; chemical dissolution must be described. No generic solution homonym.

Excluded automatic extensions: Few asserts a small amount, whereas some need not.

Excluded automatic extensions: Smoothness is surface texture, and even may be geometry or distribution.

Excluded automatic extensions: Hinting or insinuating may not propose anything.

Excluded automatic extensions: Institutional corruption is not physical dirt.

Excluded automatic extensions: Calculate already has 算; score may be a measure other than a sum.

Excluded automatic extensions: Rustling is a nonvocal noise rather than necessarily quiet speech.

Concessive relation in the existing 虽 可 clause frame. English however/ nevertheless do not add extra syntax.

Excluded automatic extensions: A generic fee, bill, and charge need not be taxation.

Excluded automatic extensions: The chosen grouping mixes familiar animals without a clear boundary.

Excluded automatic extensions: Grammatical tense is English homonymy.

Excluded automatic extensions: A can need not be made of tin.

Excluded automatic extensions: Tint/hue is a color property, not the substance used for writing.

Excluded automatic extensions: Quality is a property, not a class; typicality is relative to a category.

Excluded automatic extensions: Tolerating behavior and physically containing matter are distinct frames.

Excluded automatic extensions: A mountain summit is not headwear.

Excluded automatic extensions: An animal barking is not coughing.

Throughout the stated interval. 永 不 is ordinary interval-wide negation; it does not add a lexical never word or existential ever reading.

Excluded automatic extensions: An arbitrary swelling/bulge does not identify a tumor.

Excluded automatic extensions: Dumb can mean unable to speak or unintelligent; neither follows from bluntness.

Excluded automatic extensions: Solidarity is collective alignment/support, not necessarily kindness.

Excluded automatic extensions: Crab is also a crustacean but has 蟹.

Excluded automatic extensions: Mitre has several English senses, none supplied just by hook.

Excluded automatic extensions: Shame does not entail humility.

Excluded automatic extensions: Related keratinous body parts have different forms.

Excluded automatic extensions: Universal may mean applicable to all, rather than cosmic.

Excluded automatic extensions: Outer space and vacuum are related but not equivalent; vacuous can be evaluative.

Excluded automatic extensions: Statistical variance is a specific mathematical quantity, not any variation.

Excluded automatic extensions: Awareness of a fact is not necessarily wakefulness.

Excluded automatic extensions: Mirror and screen were already assigned separate words, but remain in this gloss.

Excluded automatic extensions: Hat brim and arbitrary vanes are shape/function extensions.

Excluded automatic extensions: Violin and viola are specific bowed instruments; all string instruments is broader.

Excluded automatic extensions: Send duplicates 送 and actor/event direction is unclear.

Excluded automatic extensions: Kind and grade import independent classifier/evaluation senses.

Excluded automatic extensions: A storey is a part rather than the building.

Excluded automatic extensions: Eliminating something and consuming it are different processes beyond generic decrease.

Excluded automatic extensions: Order may mean sequence, command, or systematic organization.

An institutional establishment; courtyard uses 庭. 医 院 is simply a medical establishment, not a guaranteed hospital type.

Pitched or musical sound. General sound/voice uses 声. 音 艺 is art involving such sounds; it has no special dictionary meaning.

Preverbal perfective operator; does not itself assert completion or past time.

Follows 我, 你, or 其 to make plurality explicit: 我 们, 你 们, 其 们. An ordinary grammatical sequence, not three additional words in the vocabulary.

Yesterday. Use the word alone; no fixed yesterday compound is necessary.

Bright/visually clear only. The succeeding day is 继 日; tomorrow when anchored to today. No future helper.

Earn/earnings. Both objectful and objectless uses concern earning, not automatic net profit. Net profit must state income minus costs.

State the institution and authorized action. Authority and entitlement remain a deliberately related institutional family, not practical ability or physical force.

Criterion-relative excellence, not inherent moral goodness. Comparative forms still require 更/减/同 and a standard where stated.

Material or financial means only. General resources may be described broadly as 用 物, or by naming the actual time, abilities, goods, or other means.

Await an event without asserting hope, belief, or eventual occurrence. Frame: 啊 awaited thing/event, or 可 explicitly specified awaited event.

Borrower is the subject; 啊 item, with 从 source. Return is intended, not guaranteed. No lending-direction sense; payment is not asserted.

Granular sand material, distinct from generic powder 粉.

Physical hardness, not difficulty 难 or metaphorical cruelty.

Flatness/levelness only. Does not mean peace, equality, or every sense of smooth.

Olfactory perception, pleasant or unpleasant; taste is 味 and fragrance 香. Frame: 啊 perceived thing.

Pouring does not entail melting 熔. 啊 liquid; destination uses 往 before the object.

Burial is distinct from excavating 挖. 啊 buried object; location/material must be specified where relevant.