Phrasebook
Everyday Sino-Mini for meeting people, asking questions, travelling, and getting things done.
Each entry gives Sino-Mini, pinyin, and an English meaning. These are examples of ordinary grammar, not new dictionary entries. Notes identify contextual uses and paraphrases. Proper names retain their spelling. Pinyin follows the listed readings without transcribing Mandarin tone sandhi.
Contents
- Greetings and courtesy
- Meeting people
- Speaking and understanding
- Questions and short answers
- Requests and permission
- Making plans
- Places and directions
- Getting around
- A place to stay
- Food and drink
- Shopping and payment
- Time and daily life
- Health and getting help
- Urgent situations
Greetings and courtesy
A greeting can be a single interjection. Statements and requests keep their normal predicate markers. Farewells below say what the speaker means rather than give 嗨 a second meaning.
Hello!
嗨!
hāi!
Are you well?
你 呈 好 吗?
nǐ chéng hǎo ma?
I’m well.
我 呈 好。
wǒ chéng hǎo。
Thanks.
谢。
xiè。
Short form.
Thank you.
我 兮 谢 乃 你。
wǒ xī xiè nǎi nǐ。
Thank you very much.
我 兮 谢 的 很 多 乃 你。
wǒ xī xiè de hěn duō nǎi nǐ。
Literally, I thank you very much; 的 introduces the manner or degree of the thanking.
You don’t need to thank me.
你 兮 不 需 谢 乃 我。
nǐ xī bù xū xiè nǎi wǒ。
A possible response to thanks.
I’m sorry.
我 呈 歉。
wǒ chéng qiàn。
Please forgive me.
兮 请 恕 乃 我。
xī qǐng shù nǎi wǒ。
An explicit request for forgiveness, not a general attention-getting “excuse me.”
I’m glad you came.
我 呈 乐 因 什 你 兮 来。
wǒ chéng lè yīn shén nǐ xī lái。
I hope you sleep well.
我 兮 望 什 你 兮 睡 的 好。
wǒ xī wàng shén nǐ xī shuì de hǎo。
A farewell at bedtime.
I’m going home now.
今,我 兮 去 乃 家。
jīn,wǒ xī qù nǎi jiā。
A straightforward leaving statement.
I hope we meet again.
我 兮 望 什 我 兮 再 遇 乃 你。
wǒ xī wàng shén wǒ xī zài yù nǎi nǐ。
Literally, I hope I meet you again.
Meeting people
Alex and Paris are example proper names. Replace them with the relevant names; their spelling need not change.
What is your name?
你 名 乃 什?
nǐ míng nǎi shén?
My name is Alex.
我 名 乃 Alex。
wǒ míng nǎi Alex。
Who is that person?
那 人 乃 什 人?
nà rén nǎi shén rén?
This is my friend.
这 人 乃 我 友。
zhè rén nǎi wǒ yǒu。
Where do you come from?
你 兮 来 从 什 处?
nǐ xī lái cóng shén chù?
I come from Paris.
我 兮 来 从 Paris。
wǒ xī lái cóng Paris。
Where is your home?
你 家 呈 在 什 处?
nǐ jiā chéng zài shén chù?
My home is in this city.
我 家 呈 在 这 城。
wǒ jiā chéng zài zhè chéng。
What work do you do?
你 兮 做 乃 什 工?
nǐ xī zuò nǎi shén gōng?
I work in a shop.
我 兮 工 在 店。
wǒ xī gōng zài diàn。
I’m travelling.
我 兮 在 旅。
wǒ xī zài lǚ。
Are you travelling alone?
你 兮 旅 的 独 吗?
nǐ xī lǚ de dú ma?
Speaking and understanding
Objects may be stated, understood from context, or left unspecified. 它 can stand for the thing, statement, or idea already under discussion.
I’m learning Sino-Mini.
我 兮 在 学 乃 小语。
wǒ xī zài xué nǎi xiǎo yǔ。
Can you speak Sino-Mini?
你 兮 能 说 乃 小语 吗?
nǐ xī néng shuō nǎi xiǎo yǔ ma?
I understand this sentence.
我 兮 知 乃 这 句。
wǒ xī zhī nǎi zhè jù。
I don’t understand this sentence.
我 兮 不 知 乃 这 句。
wǒ xī bù zhī nǎi zhè jù。
I don’t know.
我 兮 不 知 乃 它。
wǒ xī bù zhī nǎi tā。
它 refers to the matter being discussed.
Can you say that again?
你 兮 能 再 说 乃 它 吗?
nǐ xī néng zài shuō nǎi tā ma?
Can you speak more slowly?
你 兮 能 说 的 更 慢 吗?
nǐ xī néng shuō de gèng màn ma?
Can you write that down?
你 兮 能 写 乃 它 吗?
nǐ xī néng xiě nǎi tā ma?
What does this word mean?
这 词 的 意 乃 什?
zhè cí de yì nǎi shén?
词 means a linguistic word; 字 means a written character.
How do you say this?
你 兮 说 用 什 式 乃 这?
nǐ xī shuō yòng shén shì nǎi zhè?
Can you read this sentence?
你 兮 能 读 乃 这 句 吗?
nǐ xī néng dú nǎi zhè jù ma?
Can you teach me this word?
你 兮 能 教 给 我 乃 这 词 吗?
nǐ xī néng jiāo gěi wǒ nǎi zhè cí ma?
Questions and short answers
Short answers can be fragments. Ordinary complete statements retain their subject and predicate marker. Answer a negative question with a full clause if “yes” or “no” would be unclear.
Yes.
嗯。
ǹg。
No.
不。
bù。
Perhaps.
许。
xǔ。
That is correct.
它 呈 正。
tā chéng zhèng。
That is not correct.
它 呈 不 正。
tā chéng bù zhèng。
What is this?
这 乃 什?
zhè nǎi shén?
Who is coming?
什 人 兮 来?
shén rén xī lái?
Where is it?
它 呈 在 什 处?
tā chéng zài shén chù?
Why are you leaving?
你 兮 离 因 什 因 乃 这 处?
nǐ xī lí yīn shén yīn nǎi zhè chù?
The first 因 is “because of”; 什 因 asks for the reason.
I’m not sure that it is true.
我 呈 不 确 什 它 呈 真。
wǒ chéng bù què shén tā chéng zhēn。
Requests and permission
请 adds optional politeness in an ordinary verb stack: 兮 请 来 means “Please come.” Put it before 不 for a polite negative request. Ability questions can also serve as polite requests. Use a full 什 clause when permission or assistance concerns another person’s action.
Can you open the door?
你 兮 能 开 乃 门 吗?
nǐ xī néng kāi nǎi mén ma?
Can you close the window?
你 兮 能 关 乃 窗 吗?
nǐ xī néng guān nǎi chuāng ma?
Please come with me.
兮 请 来 跟 我。
xī qǐng lái gēn wǒ。
Please wait for me.
兮 请 等 乃 我。
xī qǐng děng nǎi wǒ。
Please don’t open the door.
兮 请 不 开 乃 门。
xī qǐng bù kāi nǎi mén。
Please give me water.
兮 请 给 乃 我 乃 水。
xī qǐng gěi nǎi wǒ nǎi shuǐ。
May I use this pen?
你 兮 让 什 我 兮 用 乃 这 笔 吗?
nǐ xī ràng shén wǒ xī yòng nǎi zhè bǐ ma?
Literally, do you allow me to use this pen?
Can I borrow your pen?
我 兮 能 借 从 你 乃 你 笔 吗?
wǒ xī néng jiè cóng nǐ nǎi nǐ bǐ ma?
Can you help me read this letter?
你 兮 能 帮 什 我 兮 读 乃 这 讯 吗?
nǐ xī néng bāng shén wǒ xī dú nǎi zhè xùn ma?
讯 is a message; the context identifies this one as written.
Can you show me the road?
你 兮 能 示 给 我 乃 道 吗?
nǐ xī néng shì gěi wǒ nǎi dào ma?
Making plans
The longer “let’s…” construction literally asks someone to make it happen for us that we do something. It uses the existing causative 做 and a full clause.
What do you want to do?
你 兮 欲 做 乃 什?
nǐ xī yù zuò nǎi shén?
I want to eat.
我 兮 欲 吃。
wǒ xī yù chī。
Let’s eat.
兮 做 给 我 们 什 我 们 兮 吃。
xī zuò gěi wǒ men shén wǒ men xī chī。
Let’s go there.
兮 做 给 我 们 什 我 们 兮 去 乃 那 处。
xī zuò gěi wǒ men shén wǒ men xī qù nǎi nà chù。
Are you coming with us?
你 兮 来 跟 我 们 吗?
nǐ xī lái gēn wǒ men ma?
I can come tomorrow.
继 日,我 兮 能 来。
jì rì,wǒ xī néng lái。
I can’t come today.
今 日,我 兮 不 能 来。
jīn rì,wǒ xī bù néng lái。
Where shall we meet?
我 兮 遇 在 什 处 乃 你?
wǒ xī yù zài shén chù nǎi nǐ?
Literally, where do I meet you? The planning context supplies the intended future time.
When shall we meet?
我 兮 遇 当 什 时 乃 你?
wǒ xī yù dāng shén shí nǎi nǐ?
Literally, when do I meet you?
I’ll wait for you here.
我 兮 等 在 这 处 乃 你。
wǒ xī děng zài zhè chù nǎi nǐ。
The planning context supplies the intended future time.
I am ready.
我 呈 备。
wǒ chéng bèi。
I am not ready yet.
我 呈 还 不 备。
wǒ chéng hái bù bèi。
Places and directions
A place being located is the subject of 呈. A route or destination follows the movement verb; event prepositions come before any 乃 object.
Where is the toilet?
厕 呈 在 什 处?
cè chéng zài shén chù?
Where is the market?
市 呈 在 什 处?
shì chéng zài shén chù?
Is the station near?
站 呈 近 吗?
zhàn chéng jìn ma?
It is far.
它 呈 远。
tā chéng yuǎn。
It is on the left.
它 呈 在 左。
tā chéng zài zuǒ。
It is on the right.
它 呈 在 右。
tā chéng zài yòu。
Turn left.
兮 转 往 左。
xī zhuǎn wǎng zuǒ。
Turn right.
兮 转 往 右。
xī zhuǎn wǎng yòu。
Keep walking forward.
兮 继 走 往 前。
xī jì zǒu wǎng qián。
Go to that house.
兮 去 乃 那 房。
xī qù nǎi nà fáng。
去 expresses going; 到 explicitly asserts arrival. 往 introduces a direction.
Can I walk to the station?
我 兮 能 走 往 站 吗?
wǒ xī néng zǒu wǎng zhàn ma?
I don’t know where I am.
我 兮 不 知 什 我 呈 在 什 处。
wǒ xī bù zhī shén wǒ chéng zài shén chù。
A useful way to say you are lost.
Getting around
轨 车 describes a rail vehicle; 飞 器 a flying device. Their stations are described with 的 grouping. These descriptions identify a railway station or airport in a travel context, without making new dictionary entries.
Where is the railway station?
轨 车 的 站 呈 在 什 处?
guǐ chē de zhàn chéng zài shén chù?
Where is the airport?
飞 器 的 站 呈 在 什 处?
fēi qì de zhàn chéng zài shén chù?
I need to buy a ticket.
我 兮 需 买 乃 一 票。
wǒ xī xū mǎi nǎi yī piào。
Where can I buy a ticket?
我 兮 能 买 在 什 处 乃 一 票?
wǒ xī néng mǎi zài shén chù nǎi yī piào?
Does this vehicle go to the city?
这 车 兮 去 乃 城 吗?
zhè chē xī qù nǎi chéng ma?
Does this vehicle stop here?
这 车 兮 停 在 这 处 吗?
zhè chē xī tíng zài zhè chù ma?
When does this vehicle leave the station?
这 车 兮 离 当 什 时 乃 站?
zhè chē xī lí dāng shén shí nǎi zhàn?
Where does this vehicle stop?
这 车 兮 停 在 什 处?
zhè chē xī tíng zài shén chù?
I have arrived at the station.
我 兮 到 乃 站。
wǒ xī dào nǎi zhàn。
Stop here.
兮 停 在 这 处。
xī tíng zài zhè chù。
A place to stay
Use the rental and sleeping context to identify the room. An empty room is described as empty; that alone does not guarantee that it is available to rent.
Are there empty rooms?
乃 空 室 吗?
nǎi kōng shì ma?
I want to rent a room.
我 兮 欲 租 乃 一 室。
wǒ xī yù zū nǎi yī shì。
I want to rent a room for two nights.
我 兮 欲 租 当 二 夜 乃 一 室。
wǒ xī yù zū dāng èr yè nǎi yī shì。
Can I sleep here?
我 兮 能 睡 在 这 处 吗?
wǒ xī néng shuì zài zhè chù ma?
Does this room have two beds?
乃 二 床 在 这 室 吗?
nǎi èr chuáng zài zhè shì ma?
Literally, are there two beds in this room? Existence uses 乃, not a possessive room subject.
Where is my room?
我 室 呈 在 什 处?
wǒ shì chéng zài shén chù?
Where is the key?
钥 呈 在 什 处?
yào chéng zài shén chù?
There is no water here.
不 乃 水 在 这 处。
bù nǎi shuǐ zài zhè chù。
Is there hot water?
乃 热 水 吗?
nǎi rè shuǐ ma?
The room is too cold.
室 呈 太 冷。
shì chéng tài lěng。
The window does not open.
窗 兮 不 开。
chuāng xī bù kāi。
I want another room.
我 兮 欲 租 乃 别 室。
wǒ xī yù zū nǎi bié shì。
Literally, I want to rent another room.
Food and drink
吃 means eat; 食 means food. Cups and bottles below are actual vessels, not obligatory classifiers. Ingredients and dietary needs are stated explicitly.
I’m hungry.
我 呈 饿。
wǒ chéng è。
I’m thirsty.
我 呈 渴。
wǒ chéng kě。
I would like a cup of tea.
我 兮 欲 喝 乃 一 杯 茶。
wǒ xī yù hē nǎi yī bēi chá。
I would like a cup of coffee.
我 兮 欲 喝 乃 一 杯 咖。
wǒ xī yù hē nǎi yī bēi kā。
Please give me a bottle of water.
兮 请 给 乃 我 乃 一 瓶 水。
xī qǐng gěi nǎi wǒ nǎi yī píng shuǐ。
I don’t want sugar in the tea.
我 兮 欲 喝 乃 茶 什 兮 不 容 乃 糖。
wǒ xī yù hē nǎi chá shén xī bù róng nǎi táng。
Literally, I want to drink tea that does not contain sugar.
Does this food contain milk?
这 食 兮 容 乃 奶 吗?
zhè shí xī róng nǎi nǎi ma?
Does this food contain hard-shelled seeds?
这 食 兮 容 乃 硬 壳 的 种 吗?
zhè shí xī róng nǎi yìng ké de zhǒng ma?
A broad description that may cover some nuts. Name the particular ingredient when it matters; 核 means core or kernel, not nuts in general.
I don’t eat meat.
我 兮 不 吃 乃 肉。
wǒ xī bù chī nǎi ròu。
I don’t eat fish.
我 兮 不 吃 乃 鱼。
wǒ xī bù chī nǎi yú。
I would like rice and vegetables.
我 兮 欲 吃 乃 米 和 菜。
wǒ xī yù chī nǎi mǐ hé cài。
The food is good.
食 呈 好。
shí chéng hǎo。
This is too salty.
这 食 呈 太 盐。
zhè shí chéng tài yán。
Please give me a spoon.
兮 请 给 乃 我 乃 匙。
xī qǐng gěi nǎi wǒ nǎi chí。
I have eaten.
我 兮 吃。
wǒ xī chī。
I have finished eating.
我 兮 完 吃。
wǒ xī wán chī。
完 explicitly expresses finishing through ordinary verb stacking.
Shopping and payment
Prices depend on the currency established in the conversation. Ask for the amount without assigning 钱 a particular currency or using a word for physical freedom to mean “free of charge.”
Is the shop open?
店 呈 开 吗?
diàn chéng kāi ma?
What is the price of this item?
这 物 的 价 乃 什?
zhè wù de jià nǎi shén?
The price is too high.
价 呈 太 高。
jià chéng tài gāo。
Is that item cheaper than this one?
那 物 的 价 呈 减 高 比 这 物 的 价 吗?
nà wù de jià chéng jiǎn gāo bǐ zhè wù de jià ma?
I want to buy this.
我 兮 欲 买 乃 这。
wǒ xī yù mǎi nǎi zhè。
I don’t want to buy this.
我 兮 不 欲 买 乃 这。
wǒ xī bù yù mǎi nǎi zhè。
I want two books.
我 兮 欲 买 乃 二 书。
wǒ xī yù mǎi nǎi èr shū。
Literally, I want to buy two books.
Can I pay now?
我 兮 能 付 当 今 乃 钱 吗?
wǒ xī néng fù dāng jīn nǎi qián ma?
I have paid.
我 兮 付 乃 钱。
wǒ xī fù nǎi qián。
I don’t have enough money.
我 兮 不 有 乃 够 钱。
wǒ xī bù yǒu nǎi gòu qián。
Do I need to pay?
我 兮 需 付 乃 钱 吗?
wǒ xī xū fù nǎi qián ma?
You do not need to pay.
你 兮 不 需 付 乃 钱。
nǐ xī bù xū fù nǎi qián。
Time and daily life
An opening time expression takes a comma. 钟 means an hour; 分 means division, not minute. Exact clock times and technical units can be written as notation such as 03:10 or 10 min.
What time is it?
今 时 乃 什?
jīn shí nǎi shén?
When does the shop open?
店 兮 开 当 什 时?
diàn xī kāi dāng shén shí?
When does the shop close?
店 兮 关 当 什 时?
diàn xī guān dāng shén shí?
I will come after one hour.
后 一 钟,我 兮 来。
hòu yī zhōng,wǒ xī lái。
Yesterday I bought a book.
昨,我 兮 买 乃 书。
zuó,wǒ xī mǎi nǎi shū。
I’m working today.
今 日,我 兮 在 工。
jīn rì,wǒ xī zài gōng。
I am busy now.
今,我 呈 忙。
jīn,wǒ chéng máng。
I’m tired.
我 呈 累。
wǒ chéng lèi。
I need to rest.
我 兮 需 休。
wǒ xī xū xiū。
I’ll come tomorrow morning.
继 日 的 晨,我 兮 来。
jì rì de chén,wǒ xī lái。
的 groups “the following day” before “morning.”
Health and getting help
医 人 is a medical person; use context or further description if a particular qualification matters. Describe a food reaction directly rather than treating it as the name of a diagnosed allergy.
I am ill.
我 呈 病。
wǒ chéng bìng。
My head hurts.
我 头 呈 痛。
wǒ tóu chéng tòng。
My stomach hurts.
我 肚 呈 痛。
wǒ dù chéng tòng。
肚 refers to the belly or abdomen, not specifically the internal stomach organ.
My foot hurts.
我 脚 呈 痛。
wǒ jiǎo chéng tòng。
I can’t walk.
我 兮 不 能 走。
wǒ xī bù néng zǒu。
I need medical treatment.
我 兮 需 收 乃 医。
wǒ xī xū shōu nǎi yī。
Literally, I need to receive treatment.
Where is a medical worker?
医 人 呈 在 什 处?
yī rén chéng zài shén chù?
Can you ask a medical worker to come?
你 兮 能 求 什 医 人 兮 来 吗?
nǐ xī néng qiú shén yī rén xī lái ma?
If I eat these seeds, I become ill.
若 什 我 兮 吃 乃 这 种,我 兮 变 呈 病。
ruò shén wǒ xī chī nǎi zhè zhǒng,wǒ xī biàn chéng bìng。
Identify the particular food being discussed.
I take this medicine.
我 兮 吃 乃 这 药。
wǒ xī chī nǎi zhè yào。
This sentence refers specifically to medicine taken by mouth.
Urgent situations
Short commands are appropriate here. 救 asks for rescue; for ordinary assistance, use 帮 with the activity that needs help.
Help me!
兮 救 乃 我!
xī jiù nǎi wǒ!
There is a fire!
乃 火!
nǎi huǒ!
This place is dangerous.
这 处 呈 危。
zhè chù chéng wēi。
Don’t go there!
兮 不 去 乃 那 处!
xī bù qù nǎi nà chù!
Ask the police to come!
兮 求 什 护 法 的 人 兮 来!
xī qiú shén hù fǎ de rén xī lái!
Literally, ask the people who uphold the law to come. 巡 means patrol, not police; context identifies the relevant service.
Someone stole my money.
人 兮 偷 乃 我 钱。
rén xī tōu nǎi wǒ qián。
I don’t know where my friend is.
我 兮 不 知 什 我 友 呈 在 什 处。
wǒ xī bù zhī shén wǒ yǒu chéng zài shén chù。
Help this person!
兮 救 乃 这 人!
xī jiù nǎi zhè rén!
A request to rescue the person from danger.
Using the patterns
Change the person, object, or place while keeping the order. 我 兮 欲 买 乃 二 书 becomes a request for a different purchase when you replace 二 书. Keep 给 before the recipient, 乃 before the object, and a comma after an opening topic. 请 optionally adds “please” through ordinary verb stacking, as in 兮 请 来.
Some descriptions are intentionally broader than an English phrasebook label. Ask for clarification when a particular service, ingredient, or qualification matters. These examples do not add special meanings to combinations of words.